In this chapter, the various phases of the occupation and colonisation of Australia will be discussed, with a focus on the direct and structural violence perpetrated against Aboriginal people over more than two centuries. It will be suggested that this history has resulted in a set of formal and institutionalised structures, and individual and collective attitudes and behavioural patterns that have led to a state of inertia when it comes to effectively redressing the salient issues in the relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australia, and an ignorance or lack of interest in doing so. Herein lies the challenge for peace psychology.